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Currency Calculator

Live exchange rates via secure backend (freecurrencyapi.com, cached).
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Source: — Updated: —
Currency Code 1 USD =

🔹 Table of Contents

🔹 How to Use the Currency Calculator

Follow these quick steps to get an accurate conversion using up-to-date market rates from our secure backend.

  1. Enter Amount: Type the value you want to convert (e.g., 100).
  2. Select “From” and “To” currencies: Choose the source currency (e.g., USD) and target currency (e.g., EUR). The dropdowns show both ISO code — currency name.
  3. Optional — Add a Fee/Markup %: If your bank or kiosk charges a spread, add it (e.g., 2.5) to see a realistic outcome.
  4. Click Convert: The calculator displays the converted total, the mid-market rate, the effective (fee-adjusted) rate, and the inverse rate.
  5. Use Swap: Instantly reverse the pair to check the opposite direction.
  6. Refresh Rates: Pull the latest feed if the market has moved.

🔹 Quick Examples (Typical Scenarios)

Scenario From → To Amount Fee % What You’ll See
Travel cash estimate USD → EUR 100 0 Mid-market conversion (no fees) + inverse rate
ATM withdrawal planning EUR → THB 250 3 Fee-adjusted effective rate + realistic THB total
Client invoicing abroad GBP → USD 1,200 1.5 Amount after spread + shareable link for the quote
Tip: If you regularly quote clients in different currencies, save a shareable link from the calculator for each pair (e.g., GBP→USD, EUR→CAD) so you can reopen with prefilled settings in one click.

🔹 How the Currency Calculator Works

The converter requests live FX data from a secure backend proxy connected to freecurrencyapi.com. Your API key never touches the browser. Rates are cached briefly for speed and reliability, then the app calculates cross-rates and (optionally) applies a fee/markup to simulate bank spreads.

🔹 Conversion Logic & Formulas

  • Cross-rate (FROM → TO): rate(FROM→TO) = rate(TO→BASE) / rate(FROM→BASE)
  • Effective rate with fee: effective_rate = rate × (1 − fee% / 100)
  • Converted amount: converted = amount × effective_rate
  • Inverse rate: inverse(TO→FROM) = 1 / rate(FROM→TO)

🔹 Worked Example

Assume the backend returns these quotes against the same BASE currency:

CurrencyRate vs BASE
USD1.000000
EUR0.851618

Cross-rate USD → EUR = 0.851618 / 1.000000 = 0.851618.
For 100 USD with a 2% fee:

  • effective_rate = 0.851618 × (1 − 0.02) = 0.83458564
  • converted = 100 × 0.83458564 = 83.4586 EUR

Inverse (EUR → USD) ≈ 1 / 0.851618 = 1.174235.

🔹 Accuracy, Latency & Caching

  • Source: freecurrencyapi.com via server proxy (short cache window for freshness + speed).
  • Precision: Rates show up to 6 decimals; results up to 4—for a balance of readability and accuracy.
  • Fees: The fee field models real-world spreads by reducing the effective rate you receive.

🔹 Pro Tips

  • Use Swap to flip the pair instantly and view the inverse.
  • Click Refresh Rates during volatile markets to update the feed.
  • Scan the snapshot table below the calculator to compare popular pairs quickly.

🔹 Real-Life Applications

A currency calculator is more than just a tool for quick math—it’s an essential helper in everyday life and business. By converting values instantly, it removes guesswork and makes financial decisions more accurate. Here are the most common situations where this calculator proves invaluable:

  • Travel Planning: Tourists can check how much local currency they will receive before booking flights, hotels, or withdrawing cash abroad.
  • E-commerce & Online Shopping: Buyers on international websites (e.g., Amazon, eBay) can see the real cost in their home currency before checkout.
  • Freelancers & Remote Work: Professionals working with clients overseas can quickly estimate invoices in both the client’s and their own currency.
  • Investments & Trading: Investors track exchange rate movements to evaluate global stocks, crypto, or commodities priced in different currencies.
  • Studying Abroad: Students and parents can estimate tuition fees, accommodation, and daily expenses in local vs. foreign currency.
Tip: If you frequently calculate money values over time, you may also want to try our Compound Interest Calculator or Time Zone Calculator to combine currency planning with time-sensitive decisions.

🔹 Supported Currencies & ISO Codes

This calculator supports a broad set of world currencies using standard ISO 4217 three-letter codes (e.g., USD for US Dollar, EUR for Euro). The codes are universal across banks, payment processors, and accounting systems, which keeps conversions unambiguous and auditable.

Below are the most requested codes you’ll encounter when converting money for travel, shopping, or business. The live list in the calculator comes directly from our backend and may include more currencies.

Currency Name ISO Code Region / Notes
US DollarUSDUnited States, global reserve currency
EuroEUREurozone
British PoundGBPUnited Kingdom
Japanese YenJPYJapan
Canadian DollarCADCanada
Australian DollarAUDAustralia
Swiss FrancCHFSwitzerland
Chinese YuanCNYMainland China (Renminbi)
Indian RupeeINRIndia
United Arab Emirates DirhamAEDUAE; often used for travel shopping

Tip: When preparing international budgets, keep values in a consistent currency for clarity, then use the calculator to convert final totals. If you need to divide bills or compare percentages after conversion, try our Percentage Calculator and Standard Deviation Calculator for deeper analysis (only interlinked here to avoid repetition across sections).

🔹 Limitations & Things to Keep in Mind

While the calculator provides quick and accurate exchange rate conversions, it is important to understand its limitations compared to what you might experience at a bank or currency exchange counter.

  • Mid-market rates only: The tool uses mid-market data feeds. Real exchange bureaus often add margins or commissions.
  • Timing differences: Market rates fluctuate constantly. A delay of even a few minutes can create differences in large transactions.
  • No hidden fees included: Bank wire charges, ATM fees, or international card processing fees are not reflected in the calculator output.
  • Weekends & holidays: Exchange feeds are less active during weekends; rates may remain static until global markets reopen.
  • Currency availability: Not all exotic or restricted currencies may be supported by your local bank even if they are listed in ISO standards.
Always double-check with your bank or payment provider before making large transfers. Use the calculator to estimate values, not to replace official quotes for financial commitments.

🔹 Fees, Markups & Effective Rate

Banks, card processors, and kiosks often charge a spread (hidden in the rate) or a visible fee. To estimate what you’ll really receive, the calculator lets you apply a percentage fee, which reduces the effective rate you get.

  • Mid-market rate: The raw interbank quote from the data feed (no fees).
  • Fee/markup %: A percentage deducted from the mid-market rate to simulate real-world costs.
  • Effective rate: effective_rate = mid_market_rate × (1 − fee% / 100)
  • Converted amount: converted = amount × effective_rate

🔹 Example: USD → EUR with Different Fees

Assume a mid-market rate of 1 USD = 0.900000 EUR and an amount of 100 USD. The table shows how fees change your outcome:

Fee / Markup Effective Rate (USD→EUR) Converted Amount for 100 USD
0% 0.900000 90.0000 EUR
1.5% 0.900000 × (1 − 0.015) = 0.886500 88.6500 EUR
3% 0.900000 × (1 − 0.03) = 0.873000 87.3000 EUR
5% 0.900000 × (1 − 0.05) = 0.855000 85.5000 EUR
Tip: When comparing a kiosk vs. card vs. online bank transfer, set the fee to the highest total cost you’ve observed. For time-sensitive planning across time zones, you may also like our Time Zone Calculator to coordinate transfers during market hours.

🔹 Global Currency Market Overview

Foreign exchange (Forex or FX) is the largest financial market in the world, with daily turnover exceeding $7 trillion according to the Bank for International Settlements (BIS). Exchange rates are influenced by supply and demand, interest rates, inflation, and geopolitical events. That’s why live updates are essential— static conversion charts can quickly become outdated.

World map showing exchange rate variations by region

🔹 Major vs. Minor Currencies

  • Major pairs: USD, EUR, GBP, JPY, CHF, CAD, AUD, NZD — highly liquid and widely traded.
  • Minor pairs: Include currencies from emerging markets like MXN (Mexican Peso), INR (Indian Rupee), and ZAR (South African Rand).
  • Exotic pairs: Less liquid, such as THB (Thai Baht) or TRY (Turkish Lira), and subject to higher volatility and spreads.

🔹 Why Live Data Matters

Because FX rates move every second, relying on yesterday’s data can mislead international shoppers, travelers, or investors. Using this calculator ensures you see up-to-date conversions pulled directly from a live feed, not static tables.

Did you know? If you plan regular cross-border payments, combining this calculator with our Date Calculator can help you align transfers with market cycles or avoid non-trading days.

🔹 Advantages of Using This Calculator

Compared to static rate tables or rough estimates, this currency calculator provides several advantages that make it reliable for daily use, business planning, or travel budgets.

  • Live data feed: Updated rates through our secure backend ensure accuracy in volatile markets.
  • Secure API integration: Your API key is hidden server-side, so the front-end is safe and privacy-friendly.
  • Customizable with fees: Unlike static converters, you can simulate markups and see the “real-world” amount you’ll get.
  • Responsive design: Works smoothly on desktops, tablets, and mobile devices with optimized layout.
  • Instant inverse calculation: Swap lets you check both directions in a single click.
  • Shareable links: Copy conversion results with prefilled values for easy communication with clients or friends.
  • Snapshot table: Displays popular pairs instantly without multiple manual conversions.
Unlike most free converters, this tool combines live accuracy, realistic fee simulation, and mobile-friendly design. It’s built for both casual users and professionals who need quick, reliable numbers.

🔹 Common Mistakes & Troubleshooting

If results look off or a dropdown doesn’t show the expected currency name, use this checklist. Most issues are caused by cache, pair direction, or confusing similarly named currencies.

Issue Likely Cause Quick Fix
Only codes (USD, EUR) appear without names Backend currency-name route temporarily unavailable Click Refresh Rates. If still plain codes, the tool falls back to a public names list—names will appear once the backend route is reachable again.
Number seems “too low/high” Direction reversed (e.g., EUR→USD vs USD→EUR) Use Swap to flip the pair. Check the Inverse line to confirm direction.
Totals don’t match my bank receipt Bank adds spread/fees; calculator shows mid-market by default Enter the bank’s markup in Fee % to model a realistic effective rate.
Rates appear “stuck” Browser/server cache window still active Press Refresh Rates. Hard refresh the page if needed. The backend cache auto-expires shortly.
Wrong currency selected Similar codes (e.g., AED vs SAR) Use the dropdown’s “CODE — Name” format to confirm you picked the correct currency.
Large-amount rounding differences Display rounding vs. internal precision Rates display up to 6 decimals and results up to 4 for readability. For audits, export server-side data if needed.
Planning a budget across multiple months? Convert once with this tool, then use our Date Calculator to schedule payments and our Compound Interest Calculator to project the impact of rate changes on savings held in foreign currency.

🔹 Historical vs. Live Rates

Currency calculators can either show live mid-market rates (updated several times per minute) or historical data (fixed at a past date). Knowing which one you’re using makes a huge difference when planning payments, audits, or investment strategies.

🔹 Historical Data

  • Useful for comparing past contracts, invoices, or receipts with the rate of that day.
  • Helps researchers, accountants, and analysts to track long-term FX trends.
  • May differ significantly from today’s values due to inflation, policy, or market shifts.

🔹 Live Rates

  • Essential for travelers, shoppers, or traders making real-time financial decisions.
  • Reflect the current mid-market price between banks and liquidity providers.
  • Can change within seconds during volatile events such as elections or central bank announcements.
Aspect Historical Rate Live Rate
Use Case Audits, past invoices, academic research Immediate payments, e-commerce, travel
Refresh Speed Static (fixed date) Dynamic (minutes/seconds)
Accuracy for Today Outdated Current mid-market
Best For Verification & comparison Action & decision-making

🔹 Cross-Rates, Triangulation & Arbitrage Basics

Many conversions pass through a common base currency (often USD or EUR) behind the scenes. When you convert GBP → JPY, the system typically performs a triangulation: first GBP → BASE, then BASE → JPY. Our calculator does this automatically using live quotes from the backend.

🔹 Triangulation Formula

  • rate(FROM→TO) = rate(FROM→BASE) × rate(BASE→TO)
  • Equivalently (using quotes vs the same BASE):
    rate(FROM→TO) = rate(TO→BASE) / rate(FROM→BASE)

🔹 Worked Example (GBP → JPY via USD)

Assume the backend provides rates vs USD as BASE:

Currency Rate vs USD (BASE) Meaning
GBP0.7700001 USD = 0.770000 GBP
JPY145.5000001 USD = 145.500000 JPY

To find GBP → JPY:
rate(GBP→JPY) = rate(JPY→USD) / rate(GBP→USD)
But we have USD→JPY and USD→GBP, so invert both:

  • rate(JPY→USD) = 1 / 145.5 = 0.006874
  • rate(GBP→USD) = 1 / 0.77 = 1.298701

Then rate(GBP→JPY) = 0.006874 / 1.298701 ≈ 0.005293 (JPY per GBP is the inverse of that). It’s typically clearer to use the alternate form:
rate(GBP→JPY) = (USD→JPY) / (USD→GBP) = 145.5 / 0.77 = 189.610389

Convert 200 GBP at this cross-rate with a 1.5% fee:
effective_rate = 189.610389 × (1 − 0.015) = 186.766233
converted = 200 × 186.766233 = 37,353.2466 JPY

🔹 Consistency & Arbitrage Check (Concept)

In perfect markets, cross-rates are consistent: rate(GBP→JPY) ≈ rate(GBP→USD) × rate(USD→JPY). If a discrepancy is large enough to cover transaction costs, it suggests a theoretical triangular arbitrage opportunity (rare in retail feeds). Our calculator uses a single normalized feed, which keeps cross-rates internally consistent for everyday conversions.

🔹 When Triangulation Matters

  • When dealing with pairs quoted infrequently (exotic pairs), triangulation via a major base is the standard approach.
  • For reporting, it’s common to store a base currency (e.g., USD) and convert all totals through that base for auditability.
  • If you see a mismatch between two vendors, it’s often due to different bases or update times, not an error.

🔹 Currency Calculator for Businesses

Small businesses, freelancers, and multinational corporations all rely on accurate conversions to manage pricing, invoices, and global cash flow. Using this calculator as a quick reference helps prevent costly mistakes in contracts and financial planning.

🔹 Key Business Use Cases

  • Invoice management: Convert client invoices into local currency for accurate accounting.
  • Cross-border pricing: Adjust e-commerce product prices in different markets without guesswork.
  • Payroll & contractors: Pay international staff or freelancers fairly using up-to-date FX rates.
  • Cash flow planning: Predict how much foreign currency will arrive after fees/markups.
  • Budgeting & forecasting: Build financial models that account for exchange rate volatility.

🔹 Business Example

Imagine a freelancer in Canada billing a UK client £1,200. With an exchange rate of 1 GBP = 1.65 CAD:

  • converted = 1,200 × 1.65 = 1,980 CAD (mid-market, no fees).
  • With a 2% bank markup:
    effective_rate = 1.65 × (1 − 0.02) = 1.617, so converted = 1,200 × 1.617 = 1,940.40 CAD.
Use Case Example Pair Benefit of Calculator
Client invoicing GBP → CAD Ensures fair pricing for both sides
E-commerce pricing USD → EUR Adjusts shop prices to match real exchange rates
Payroll abroad EUR → INR Accurately forecasts local salaries after conversion
Budgeting USD → MXN Models impact of rate shifts on cash reserves
Pro tip: Combine this calculator with our Age Calculator (for payroll records) or Time Card Calculator (for international staff hours) to manage both time and money in global operations.

🔹 Rounding, Precision & Display Settings

Exchange feeds typically quote many decimal places, but human-readable screens and receipts don’t. To keep results both accurate and clear, this calculator separates internal precision from display rounding.

🔹 Display Rules Used by This Page

  • Rates: shown to ≤ 6 decimals (e.g., 1 USD = 0.851618 EUR).
  • Converted totals: shown to ≤ 4 decimals (e.g., 83.4586 EUR).
  • Internal math: calculated with full precision from the API, then rounded for display.
  • Inverse line: computes 1 / rate fresh, then rounds to ≤ 6 decimals.

🔹 Rounding Examples

Context Unrounded Value Display Reason
Mid-market rate (USD→EUR) 0.85161823745 0.851618 6 decimals show meaningful precision without visual noise
Converted amount (100 USD) 85.161823745 85.1618 Totals to 4 decimals are readable yet audit-friendly
Inverse rate (EUR→USD) 1.1742350912 1.174235 Mirrors the 6-decimal style for comparability

🔹 Bank vs. Calculator Rounding

  • Bank receipts often print 2 decimals for totals; some FX desks round to the nearest pip (0.0001).
  • Our calculator keeps more decimals on screen for transparency; your final statement may look slightly different due to formatting and fees.
  • For invoices, you can round final totals to 2 decimals while storing the underlying rate to 6+ decimals for traceability.
Tip: If you need an audit trail, capture the displayed rate (6 d.p.), converted total (4 d.p.), time stamp, and the pair direction. That’s enough to reproduce the math later with the same feed.

🔹 Currency Calculator for Travelers

When you travel abroad, knowing the real value of your money is essential for budgeting. This calculator helps you estimate what you’ll receive when exchanging cash, paying with a card, or withdrawing from an ATM in another country. By entering an expected fee percentage, you can simulate common travel scenarios more accurately.

Foreign currency exchange counter with different banknotes

🔹 Common Travel Use Cases

  • ATM withdrawals: Estimate how much local currency you’ll receive after fees.
  • Hotel payments: Convert advertised prices into your home currency to compare booking sites.
  • Shopping abroad: Check the real cost of souvenirs or electronics priced in another currency.
  • Daily expenses: Budget meals, transport, and entertainment in a consistent home-currency view.

🔹 Travel Example

You’re flying from the US to Japan with $500 cash. If the mid-market rate is 1 USD = 145.50 JPY:

  • Without fees: 500 × 145.50 = 72,750 JPY
  • With a 3% kiosk fee:
    effective_rate = 145.50 × (1 − 0.03) = 141.135
    converted = 500 × 141.135 = 70,567.5 JPY
Tip: Before you travel, compare your bank’s card fee vs. airport kiosks. Use the calculator’s fee field to test which option gives you the best value.

🔹 Currency Symbols & Notation

Prices can be written with either a currency symbol (e.g., $, €, £) or an ISO 4217 code (e.g., USD, EUR, GBP). Because symbols like $ are reused by multiple countries (US, Canada, Australia), using the ISO code avoids confusion—especially in international quotes and invoices.

Currency ISO Code Symbol Example Amount Preferred Notation (Global)
US Dollar USD $ $1,250.00 USD 1,250.00 (clear in global docs)
Euro EUR € €850,75 (EU style) EUR 850.75 or locale-specific formatting
British Pound GBP £ £399.99 GBP 399.99
Japanese Yen JPY ¥ ¥12,000 JPY 12,000 (no minor units typically)
Canadian Dollar CAD $ $199.50 CAD 199.50 (avoid “$” ambiguity)
Australian Dollar AUD $ $59.90 AUD 59.90

🔹 Locale Formatting Tips

  • Thousands & decimals: Many EU locales use . for thousands and , for decimals (e.g., €1.234,56), while US/UK use the reverse ($1,234.56).
  • Symbol placement: Some locales place the symbol after the number (e.g., 1 000,00 €).
  • Minor units: JPY and some others commonly show no decimals; your totals may round to whole units.
  • Best practice: In documents for international audiences, prefer ISO code + amount (e.g., EUR 2,499.00).
For quotes and invoices, specify the currency in writing (e.g., “All amounts in USD”), then use the calculator to convert for client reference. This keeps contracts unambiguous while still providing a helpful local-currency view.

🔹 Currency Risk & Hedging Basics

Exchange rate fluctuations create currency risk for businesses, investors, and even travelers. A strong or weak home currency can significantly change the cost of imports, exports, or overseas investments. While our calculator shows live rates for planning, it’s also useful for understanding exposure and simulating different scenarios.

🔹 Types of Currency Risk

  • Transaction risk: Future payments or receipts may change value as exchange rates move.
  • Translation risk: Balance sheets of multinational companies fluctuate when consolidating foreign subsidiaries.
  • Economic risk: Long-term shifts in competitiveness due to sustained exchange rate trends.

🔹 Common Hedging Methods

Method How It Works Best For
Forward contracts Lock in today’s rate for a future payment. Businesses with fixed future obligations.
Options Right (not obligation) to exchange at a set rate. Firms wanting downside protection with upside potential.
Natural hedging Match revenues and expenses in the same currency. Companies operating in multiple regions.
Diversification Spread investments across several currencies/markets. Investors and global portfolios.

🔹 Practical Tip

Even small businesses can manage exposure by invoicing in their home currency or by setting aside a margin buffer. Use the calculator to test different rates (±5–10%) and see how sensitive your bottom line is to currency changes.

Want to see how exchange rate shifts combine with compounding? Use our Compound Interest Calculator to model long-term gains or losses when holding money in foreign currencies.

🔹 Worked Examples by Currency Pair

These scenarios mirror what the calculator does automatically with live data from the backend. Use them to double-check your understanding of cross-rates and fee adjustments.

🔹 Example 1 — USD → EUR (no fee)

  • Given mid-market rate: 1 USD = 0.851618 EUR
  • Amount: 100 USD
  • Converted: 100 × 0.851618 = 85.1618 EUR
  • Inverse check: 1 EUR ≈ 1 / 0.851618 = 1.174235 USD

🔹 Example 2 — EUR → USD (2% fee)

  • Mid-market rate: 1 EUR = 1.174235 USD (inverse of Example 1)
  • Fee %: 2% → effective_rate = 1.174235 × (1 − 0.02) = 1.1507503
  • Amount: 100 EUR
  • Converted: 100 × 1.1507503 = 115.0750 USD

🔹 Example 3 — GBP → JPY (triangulation via USD)

  • USD as base: USD→JPY = 145.500000, USD→GBP = 0.770000
  • Cross-rate: GBP→JPY = (USD→JPY) / (USD→GBP) = 145.5 / 0.77 = 189.610389
  • Amount: 200 GBP → 200 × 189.610389 = 37,922.0778 JPY

🔹 Quick Comparison Table

Pair Mid-Market Rate Amount Fee % Effective Rate Result
USD → EUR 0.851618 100 0% 0.851618 85.1618 EUR
EUR → USD 1.174235 100 2% 1.150750 115.0750 USD
GBP → JPY 189.610389 200 0% 189.610389 37,922.0778 JPY
Hint: If your real-world quote includes both a fixed fee and a percentage spread, first subtract the fixed charge from your starting amount, then apply the percentage as the calculator’s fee.

🔹 When to Use a Currency Calculator

Currency calculators are not just for investors. They are practical tools for everyday life, travel, and business. Knowing when to use them helps you avoid hidden costs and plan smarter.

🔹 Everyday Situations

  • Travel budgets: Estimate how much spending money you’ll have in local currency.
  • Online shopping: Convert foreign store prices into your home currency instantly.
  • Subscriptions: Check real costs of streaming or SaaS platforms billed in USD/EUR.
  • Money transfers: Compare what you should receive vs. what the bank actually sends.

🔹 Business & Professional Use

  • Invoice quoting: Send accurate quotes in a client’s currency.
  • Payroll abroad: Forecast salaries for international staff or freelancers.
  • Import/export: Model the cost of raw materials or goods in different markets.
  • Financial reports: Standardize accounts by converting all values into one base currency.
Rule of thumb: Use the calculator before any cross-border purchase, contract, or transfer. It ensures you know the true value of your money before fees or spreads are applied.

🔹 Currency Calculator FAQ

▼ Are the exchange rates in this calculator live?
Yes. Rates are pulled from freecurrencyapi.com via our secure backend. They refresh frequently and are cached briefly to reduce load while staying accurate.
▼ Why does my bank’s rate differ from the calculator?
Banks and exchange kiosks add a margin or commission on top of the mid-market rate. Use the Fee % field in the calculator to simulate those real-world markups.
▼ Can I use this calculator for all world currencies?
The tool supports a wide range of ISO 4217 currencies. Major and minor pairs are included. Some exotic or restricted currencies may not be available depending on the data provider.
▼ How do I account for ATM or credit card fees?
Enter the percentage fee charged by your provider in the Fee % box. The calculator then reduces the effective rate to show what you’ll actually receive after costs.
▼ Does this calculator work offline?
No. Since it fetches real-time rates from an online feed, an internet connection is required. Without one, rates cannot be updated.
▼ Can I save or share my conversion results?
Yes. Use the Copy link button to generate a shareable URL with your chosen currencies, amount, and fee already filled in.

🔹 References & Sources

The following trusted sources were used to ensure accuracy and clarity in the explanations, examples, and data presented in this currency calculator page:

Source Type Link
FreeCurrencyAPI Live Exchange Rates API https://freecurrencyapi.com/docs
ISO 4217 Currency Codes International Standard iso.org/iso-4217-currency-codes
Bank for International Settlements (BIS) Global FX Market Data bis.org/statistics/rpfx.htm
Investopedia — Currency Risk Educational Article investopedia.com/terms/c/currencyrisk
Wikipedia — Exchange Rate General Reference en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exchange_rate